This paper explores the role of 4.0 technologies in three dimensions. First, we examine the patterns and trends in the emergence of 4.0 technologies in Europe, differentiating between technology groups (core, enabling and twin technologies). A novel feature is that we specifically focus on the digital intensity of 4.0 patents, as they show strong heterogeneity […]
Author Archive | Vanessa Behrens, Florence Blandinieres and Bettina Peters
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